What is the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux?

A. T2D results in high basal levels of insulin, which leads to an increase PPP flux

B. T2D has no effect on the PPP

C. T2D prevents an increase in PPP flux in response to elevated levels of blood glucose

D. T2D facilitates an increase in PPP flux in response to elevated levels of blood glucose.

Option A is correct

Explanation:

Insulin is responsible for regulating the glucose metabolism through PPP. Insulin increases the G6PD-derived NADPH which regulates several oxido-reductase enzymes. In normal condition, several hormones and nutritional inputs affect the PPP. PPP activity is driven by demand NADPH.  

HMG-CoA reductase activity is reduced by G6PD deficiency. G6PD overexpression causes impaired insulin signaling and also increases the level of FFA and TG . Due to impaired insulin signals, the PPP flux increases

Hence, option A is correct

the wetland preservation movement began in the u.s. in earnest with the clean water act (cwa) of 1972. although not specifically written to protect wetlands, the cwa is comprised of a series of regulations designed to prevent pollutants from contaminating u.s. waters.

osteogenesis imperfecta (oi) refers to a congenital ailment of bones. in the condition, the bones become brittle or fragile. this ailment is a general result of the defect or mutations in the genes (colia1 or colia2). this mutation results in imperfect collagen formation either in quantity or quality wise.  

there are eight kinds of oi defects, and each kind varies with certain distinctions in symptoms. the usual symptoms include frequent bone fractures, loss of hearing in infants, protruding eyes, discoloration of the white in the eyes, respiratory issues, loosening of the joints, short stature, and other symptoms.