1. The idea that geologic processes that occur today are similar to
those that have occurred on Earth in the past.

uniformitarianism

Explanation:

Uniformitarianism, in geology, is the doctrine suggesting that Earth's geologic processes acted in the same manner and with essentially the same intensity in the past as they do in the present and that such uniformity is sufficient to account for all geologic change.

the areas around the equator

weathering - colorado river carves land in arizona to form the grand canyon. cracks form in a sandstone wall surrounding a house. a marble statue near the science museum is changing color due to rainfall

erosion - after a rainstorm, soil and rock piees litter the roadways. the sand dunes in the sahara desert are changing shape.

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