Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water, and excess intake is generally excreted. Fortification of foods in the United States has reduced the incidence of deficiencies for many of these vitamins, but inadequate intake is still possible. Toxicity is less likely since these vitamins are not stored in the body, but excessive intake can still cause undesirable symptoms in some cases.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate options.1. : A deficiency of this vitamin causes beriberi, which is characterized by weakness, swelling, and tingling or numbness in the hands and feet.2. : A severe deficiency of this vitamin causes the disease pellagra.3. : A deficiency of this vitamin is very rare, but those with inadequate intakes can experience numbness, muscle cramps, and difficulty walking.4. : A deficiency of this vitamin can lead to sore tongue, skin inflammation, depression, confusion, or anemia.5. : Neural tube defects, like spina bifata, can occur if this nutrient is not consumed in adequate amounts during pregnancy.6. : Those who follow a vegan diet without supplementation are at increased risk of deficiency for this vitamin.7. : Scurvy symptoms, caused by a deficiency of this nutrient, include rough skin rash and wounds that will not heal.
Options:a. vitamin B6b. vitamin B12c. niacind. folatee. thiaminf. vitamin Ce. pantothenic acid

1) e. thiamin, 2) c. niacin, 3) g. pantothenic acid, 4) a. vitamin B6, 5) d. folate, 6) b. Vitamin B12 7) f. vitamin C

Explanation:

1. Beriberi is a disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin 1, also known as thiamine. The symptoms of beriberi includes  swelling, weakness, and tingling or numbness in the hands and feet.

2. Pellagra is caused by lack of the vitamin niacin Symptoms include inflamed skin, dementia, diarrhea and sores in the mouth.

3. Vitamin B5 or pantothenic vitamin deficiency include symptoms such as  insomnia, numbness, irritability, stomach pains, burning feet, muscle cramps and difficulty in walking.

4. Deficiency of vitamin B6 causes skin inflammation, sore tongue, depression and anemia.

5. Folate regulate the neural system and deficiency of folate causes defects in neural tube such as spina bifata during pregnancy.

6. Vitamin B12 is found in animal products such as meat, fish, poultry, milk, eggs, and milk products. This vitamin is absent in plant or vegan diet and are more prone to its deficiency.

7. Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin C. Its symptoms include include depression, fatigue and connective tissue defects .

Hence, the correct answer for the blanks is 1) e. thiamin, 2) c. niacin, 3) g. pantothenic acid, 4) a. vitamin B6, 5) d. folate, 6) b. Vitamin B12 7) f. vitamin C.

the transfer of energy between two molecules spaced just nanometers apart plays a key role in many technologies, including photovoltaics, quantum information systems, lighting, and sensors, as well as in biophysics to measure nanometer distances and in photosynthesis. but an open question in this area is what effect, if any, the surrounding photonic environment has on this nanoscale energy transfer. by designing and performing a carefully controlled experiment to answer this question, scientists have settled the debate and found clues to improving the efficiency of many of the technologies that rely on this process.

explanation: