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The extracellular matrix (ECM) was regarded decades ago as an uninteresting set of proteins and unusual carbohydrates that were required for cell adhesion and tissue integrity. Now, however, there is much more of an interest in the ECM given its importance in cancer and metastasis - a concept that is embodied in the phrase, "tumor microenvironment".
a. What is the importance of E-cadherin?
b. Collagen synthesis is unique given its final assembly stage. Explain this statement.
c. You are working with a neuronal cell line isolated from a human brain tumor. It appears to have a neuronal phenotype when grown in culture on laminin coated dishes but appears to have more of a typical round, small (3 to 5mm) phenotype when grown on a standard, collagen-only coated dish or a poly-lysine coated (positive charge only - no ECM component) dish. Under all 3 cases the cells attach to the substrate. You suspect that the reason the neuronal phenotype is supported by the laminin coating is due to the ability of laminin, but not collagen or poly-lysine, to bind to the integrin receptors RGD binding domain thus triggering a molecular cascade that leads to the expression of the neuronal phenotype. How might you test this hypothesis?
d. Why are glycosaminoglycans important to cell differentiation, tissue generation and embryogenesis?
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