Directions: For each of the following, write either P for pioneer species or C for climax community in the
lines provided.
1. beech-maple forest
2. lichens
3. mosses and ferns
Directions: Complete the events chain about primary succession by placing the following entries in the
correct order.
Volcano erupts.
Animals arrive.
Lava forms new land
composed of rock.
Large plants grow.
Lava cools.
Lichens die and decay.
Soil forms.
Lichens and the forces of wind and
erosion help break down rocks

1. C

2. P

3. P

-

Volcano Erupts

Lava Forms New Land

Animals Arrive

Explanation:

The pioneer species are hardy species which are the first to colonize barren environments or previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted, such as by fire. Meanwhile,the climax community, or climatic climax community, is a historic term for a boreal forest community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession in the development of vegetation in an area over time, have reached a steady state.