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1) This is when objects exchange thermal energy (heat flow occurs) until their terligeratures are equal.
5) The transfer of thermal energy between two bodies which are at different temperatures. The SI unit for this is the Joule.
Generally considered the raising of temperature due to thermal energy.
6) This is the process of matter changing from the liquid to the solid state.
9) These are the types of attractions found between molecules. Their strength determines the state of the substance at room
temperature.
10) This is a graph that shows the change in temperature over time for a substance as energy is added.
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2) This is the phase of matter with no fixed shape but fixed volume.
3) Random kinetic energy possessed by objects in a material at finite temperature. An object that feels hot has a lot of this.
4) Composition of matter which depends on temperature.
7) A heat releasing process.
8) This is the process of matter changing from solid to liquid state.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

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