The body uses non-specific immune responses as the first line of defense when we are exposed to pathogenic or disease causing organisms. Which of the following factors is a nonspecific response?

A. Antibodies are produced after an infection.

B. Bacterial cell surface proteins start a response.

C. Unbroken skin provides a physical barrier.

D. Vaccine injections will imitate viral exposure.

Can bacteria reproduce in a way such that when you start out with two bacteria, you get five bacteria? why or why not? * a. yes, because bacteria reproduce sexually, and can produce any number of offspring, just as humans do. b. no, because bacteria grow at an exponential rate. c. no, because when bacteria reproduce, they split into two parts, and two bacteria splitting would result in four bacteria.

Nephrons, the functional unit of kidneys, are responsible for formation of urine. the sentences describe situations that are the result of problems in the urine formation process. for the nephron shown below, match each situation to the step in the urine formation process where the problem lies.

Which label correctly identifies what x represents in the concept map?