are a variety of genes that have the potential to subvert the cell's own activities and push it to the malignant state. They encode proteins that have various functions in a cell's normal activities and can be converted to .

The preferable options for the fill in the blanks will be -

Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes

Explanation:

Proto-oncogenes are a variety of genes that have the potential to subvert the cell's own activities and push it to the malignant state. They encode proteins that have various functions in a cell's normal activities and can be converted to oncogenes.

explanation:

b,bacteria convert nitrates

into nitrogen gas.

d,plants and animals take in

and use nitrogen compounds.

e,bacteria break down waste    

products and return nitrogen  

to the soil.

a,bacteria convert atmospheric

nitrogen to ammonia.

c,bacteria convert ammonia

to nitrites and nitrates.

the answer is sex-linked recessive.