What do scientists hope to learn from studying DNA extracted from tortoiseshell fossils?

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg