The glomerulus is a unique, high-pressure capillary bed because the arteriole feeding it is larger in diameter than the arteriole draining the bed. Glomerular filtrate is very similar to , but it has fewer proteins. Mechanisms of tubular reabsorption include and . As an aid for the reabsorption process, the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) have dense on their luminal surface, which increase their dramatically. Other than reabsorption, an important tubule function is , which is important for ridding the body of substances not already in the filtrate. Blood composition depends on , , and . In a day’s time, 180 liters of blood plasma are filtered into the kidney tubules, but less than liters of urine are usually produced. is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine. The three major nitrogenous wastes found in the blood, which must be disposed of, are , , and . The kidneys determine how much water is to be lost from the body. When water loss via vaporization from the or of perspiration from the skin is excessive, urine output . If the kidneys become nonfunctional, is used to cleanse the blood of impurities.

The preferable words for the fill in the blanks will be -

afferent, efferent;

blood plasma;

diffusion (passive transport), active transport;

microvilli;

secretion;

urine output, cellular metabolism, diet;

1-1.8;

Urochrome;

urea, uric acid, creatinine;

vaporization, lungs, perspiration, skin, decreases;

dialysis.

Explanation:

The glomerulus is a unique high-pressure capillary bed because the afferent arteriole feeding it is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole draining the bed. Glomerular filtrate is very similar to blood plasma, but it has fewer proteins. Mechanisms of tubular reabsorption include diffusion (passive transport) and active transport. As an aid for the reabsorption process, the cells of the PCT have dense microvilli on their luminal surface, which increases surface area dramatically. Other than reabsorption and important tubule function is secretion, which is important for ridding the body of substances not already in the filtrate. Blood composition depends on urine output, cellular metabolism, and diet. In a day's time, 180 liters of blood plasma is filtered into the kidney tubules, but only about 1-1.8 liters of urine is actually produced. Urochrome is responsible for the normal yellow coloration of urine. The three major nitrogenous wastes found in the blood, which must be disposed of, are urea, uric acid, and creatinine. When water loss via vaporization from the lungs, or perspiration from the skin is excessive, urine output decreases.     If the kidneys become nonfunctional, dialysis is used to cleanse the blood of impurities.