1. What organisms are shown?

Can someone me with this and tell me what’s fracking and what does it have to do with carbon, carbon dioxide, or fossil fuels?

What have we learned from fossil evidence about evolution? a) it is an abrupt change. b)the process is observable. c) it takes place during one lifetime only. d)the most complex traits are always selected.

When a population split into two subgroups what is most likely to cause the subgroups to develop different traits?