Which best describes the life cycles of moss and angiosperm?

I. Both life cycles have protected seeds.
II. Both life cycles involve meiosis.
III. Moss fertilization occurs in the air; angiosperm fertilization occurs in a pool of water.
IV. Moss release haploid spores into the surrounding environment; angiosperm release haploid pollen grains into the surrounding environment.
I and III
I and IV
II and III
II and IV

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.