Flight has been an important innovation for animals and has led to adaptive radiations in both birds and insects. For birds, what additional fitness benefits have been gained through adaptations for flight? A. Reductions in reproductive organs has led to the production of eggs with a larger allantois, increasing nutrients for their offspring. B. Birds rely on metabolic heat to stay warm and feathers help birds regulate their body temperature. C. The lack of teeth means that birds have become dietary specialists, optimized for eating exclusively grains (land-dwellers) or fish (shore-dweller). D. The relative metabolic rate (per kg) is lower in lighter vertebrates, which means that birds need loss food than other reptiles of a similar size.

c.) polymerase chain reaction

- "unlike the original dna fingerprinting method, dna profiling does not use restriction enzymes to cut the dna. instead it uses the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)? to produce many copies of specific str sequences. pcr is an automated procedure that generates lots of copies of a specific sequence of dna."

hi, natural selection of the peppered moth during the industrial revolution in 19th-century england is an example of an outlier in the study of evolution. during this time, pollution from factories filled the forests, coating trees in a layer of soot—turning white trees black

mark as brainlest

gokuson

answer: carbon 14 can only be used to determine the age of the organisms that were once living, and igneous rocks are non living.

explanation:

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle