Resistance increases when:
a) radius decreases
b) length decreases
c) viscosity decreases
d) hematocrit decreases
e) none of these answers

a) Radius decreases

Explanation:

Resistance of any conductor is directly proportional to the length of the conductor and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area.

So, in mathematical terms, the resistance is written as

= ρ

As we know, cross sectional area is related to the radius of the conductor so if the radius of the conductor is decreased, the cross-sectional area will also decrease.

And if the cross-sectional area will decrease, the resistance will increase.

Thus decreasing the radius, increases the resistance.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.