1. What is the degree range of the earth's tilt every 41,000 years? Durin what degree would you expect the earth to be warmest and during what degree would it be the coolest if it affects global climate?

2. Explain how the earth's orbit can change over a period of one eccentricity cycle? How would this affect global climate?

3. During what part of each decade (10 years) does the sun put out the most radiation? During what part of the decade does it put out the least?

4. Explain two ways that continental drift can effect climate change over long periods of time. If this is true, is it possible for us to find tropical species fossils in Utah? Explain.

How does friction with the atmosphere affect the speed of an artificial satellite

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

This is a typical grassland food web. it is also a small picture of an important cycle on earth: the carbon cycle. describe how the carbon gets into this food web. a) bacteria and fungi, the decomposers, recycle carbon from dead organisms. b) carbon is found in the grass and is passed from one level to the next in this food web. eliminate c) all living things give off carbon dioxide as a by-product of respiration and it is released into the atmosphere. d) plants use carbon dioxide as a reactant in photosynthesis, to make usable chemical energy in the form of a sugar.