Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?

Splitting of water
absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
flow of electrons from photosynthesis ii to photosynthesis i
synthesis of atp

Synthesis of ATP

Explanation:

Photosynthesis occurs in two major stages viz: light dependent stage and light-independent stage. The light dependent stage involves reactions triggered by light that leads to the synthesis of ATP and NADPH molecules needed for the next stage. The light reactions occurs in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE of the CHLOROPLAST.

Ideally, in an intact Chloroplast, energy is released by splitting water molecules, a process called PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER. This energy is then used to pump proton (H+ ions) from the stroma of the chloroplast to the thylakoid lumen, which it (H+) accumulates to form a proton pump. This proton pump is then used with the help of an enzyme called ATP synthase to synthesize ATP molecules in a process called CHEMIOSMOSIS.

However, when the thylakoid is punctured and its lumen (interior) is no longer barricaded from the stroma, the H+ will not be able to build up in the thylakoid as they will tend to freely go from the stroma to the thylakoid. Hence, no proton pump will be formed and subsequently, no ATP will be synthesized.

stratosphere: as the altitude increases, the air temperature increases. the stratosphere has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer. this layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. this results in the stratosphere being warmer.

answer:   option a) glucagon was secreted by his pancreas before he ate the cookies because blood glucose was low. insulin was secreted after he ate the cookies because his blood glucose was high.

explanation: