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Biology, 27.03.2020 21:45 jaedenevan062907

Biologists believe that eukaryotic cells arose from the endosymbiosis of prokaryotio cells. In this theory, prokaryotic cells (endosymbionts) took up residence inside much larger prokaryotic cells (the hosts). Modern-day mitochondria may be descendants of engulfed, heterotrophic bacteria that eould use oxywen to refeabe energy from onganic molecules through aerobic respiration. These specialised prokaryotes were not digest ed by the hosts, but remained alive inside vacuoles of the host cell, performing the same energy-production processes they had done when they were separate organiama Chloroplasts may be descendants of photosynthetic prokaryotes that could capture the energy of sunlight and use that energy to produce organic molecules from CO, The phylogenetic tree depicted in Figure 7.2 shows these evolutionary scenarios)

a. Which is greater: the proportion of modern-day eukaryotes that have mitochondria, or the proportion of modern-day eukaryotes that have chloroplasts?
b. What does this suggest about the sequence of evolutionary developments leading to mitochondria and chloroplasts? (In other words, which more likely came first: mito- chondria or chloroplasts?)
c. What modern day bacteria are likely to be most similar to the chloroplast ancestor?
d. Protists were formerly classified based primarily on their method of locomotion. Name a cell structure some protists have that enable them to move from place to place that some bacteria species also have. (Hint: By looking ahead to the protists that you will examine in lab, you might get a clue).

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Biologists believe that eukaryotic cells arose from the endosymbiosis of prokaryotio cells. In this...

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