The evolution of gymnosperms brought forth two important structures for reproduction, the and . The former allowed plants to become free from dependence on water for fertilization and develop a new process known as . The latter improved the of newly-formed sporophytes (embryos). Group of answer choices Sporophyte, Gametophyte, asexual reproduction, fruit production Pollen Grain, Seed, fruit production, gametophyte Microspore, Megaspore, dispersal, syngamy Pollen Grain, Seed, internal fertilization, dispersal

1. Pollen Grain and Seed  

2. Internal fertilization

3. Dispersal

Explanation:

Gymnosperm is a group of plants which were evolved from the Pteridophytes and are characterized by a seed not enclosed in the ovary and are thus considered naked seeds. The seeds are the protective structure which allowed the survival of the plants to distant place therefore helps in the dispersal.

The plants produce male and female cones separately and the male cones produce the pollen grain which shed and reaches the female gamete wither by wind or by some vector and there produces sperm cell and fertilizes and form the zygote.

Since the pollen grains are the structures which produce the sperm cell inside the female gametophyte, therefore, allows the internal fertilization, a process not observed in before plants.

more words for this could be abiotic and biotic

abiotic: living organisms within an ecosystem

biotic: non-living organisms within an ecosystem