The Jones family has eight children, all of whom are girls. What is the chance that the next child will be a boy? Explain.

1/2

Explanation: We assume that boys and girls are equally likely and that having a boy or girl previously has no influence on the gender of the next child, i.e., births are independent events.  

Since the outcomes (boy/girl) are equally likely and that whatever happens prior has no effect on the future outcomes, then we  can use coin flipping model in this situation.  

So, having a child is like flipping a  coin: you can get heads (boys) or tails (girls), and the previous coin flips (genders of previous children) don't influence the next coin flip (gender of the next child).  

format change of dna.