How does sickle -cell disease exemplify the concept of pleiotropy? please help

Explanation:

Pleiotropism refers to a condition in organisms when a single gene which controls one trait indirectly influences other unrelated traits in the organism.

The case of sickle cell anaemia can be considered a pleiotropic case as the gene which causes the mutation in the haemoglobin gene changes the shape of the red blood cell also causes the change in the fibrosis of the spleen due to accumulation of the RBC in the spleen, blockage of blood flow which leads to pain in different parts of the body and the kidney and heart failure.

Thus, a single gene can control more than one phenotype and sickle cell is considered pleiotropic effect.

answer; ///(b) it is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups;

[ answer ]

foliated

[ explanation ]

foliation forms in a rock when pressure squeezes the rock together. the rock then has a design of many different color little lines. there are three types of foliated rock. the types are slate, schist, and gneiss. each type of foliated rock is different based on grain size and foliation characteristics. the lines appear when the rock has been under pressure.

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