2. Consider an organism that has two pairs of homologous chromosomes in each of its diploid (2n) somatic cells. How many chromosomes would the organism’s cell have during each of the following stages?

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

the missing space is phylum

straight probes are used primarily for measuring flow as it is approaching the test area. its geometry allows the probe to be mounted so that it is in the direct line of airflow.