James wants to estimate the absolute age of an animal fossil. However, test results show that the fossil doesn't contain any atoms of carbon-14.

What can James conclude about the lack of carbon-14?

I

OA. The animal, whether living or dead, never had carbon 14 in its system.

B. The animal's carbon-14 decayed long before the animal died.

C.

Finding another fossil nearby without carbon-14 will guarantee that he has matching fossils.

D.

Without carbon-14, it will be an impossible task to estimate the age of the fossil.

E. Without carbon-14, James can use relative dating to estimate the age of the fossil.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the bottleneck effect? answers a in south africa, much of the afrikaner population is descended from a small number of dutch colonists. in this population, this is an unusually high frequency of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (pxe), an elastic tissue disorder. b four white-tailed deer are introduced to a park in finland. thirty years after their introduction scientists compare the genes in the population and find that there is no variation. c during the industrial revolution, london's air became filled with soot. as a result, birds started eating more of the lighter moths because they were easier to spot than their darker counterparts. over time, the moth population changed so that there were more darker moths than lighter ones. d 10% of the population of american alligators in an area have the recessive trait albinism. a massive flood results in the death of 80% of the population. of the remaining population, 60% have the recessive trait of albinism.

Acertain species of fish can have either long or short fins. the allele for long fins is dominant over the allele for short fins. a heterozygous, long-finned fish is crossed with a homozygous, short-finned fish. of the offspring, will have long fins and be , and will have short fins and be .

Which of the following describes a difference when gram-positive bacteria are compared to gram-negative bacteria?