A man presents to an ER with a large laceration sustained at a construction site a few hours before. The area around the laceration is erythematous, painful, and swollen. Question 1. The erythema and swelling can be explained at a cellular level by all the following EXCEPT. a. mast cell degranulation and release of histamine. b. pro-inflammatory prostaglandins released. c. increased vasomotor tone (tightening) of the capillaries in the area. d. local reaction to acute phase reactants.

Explanation:

Such type of conditions in which redness takes place on the surface of the skin or in the mucous membrane is called erythema. There are many factors that cause erythema such as injury, inflammations and some others. Histamine plays an important role in the inflammatory process that leads to redness and some other conditions. During erythema and swelling tightening of the capillaries does not takes place.

from the original order (top to bottom) the new order will go

1 (founder)

4 (hawk)

2 (mutate)

3 (next generation)

i believe it would be c: tons.