Innate immunity . Innate immunity . depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens is found only in vertebrates

answer; i believe its echoic memory,it is believed to last three to four seconds; good luck

1. a host loses nutrients to a parasite

2. a parasite only benefits when the host is alive (cause if the host dies the parasite dies with it )

3. producers to consumers

4. the tapeworm is a parasite

5. they convert energy from the sun (photosynthesis)

6. sunflower-robin (i think im 80% sure)

7. producer

8. consumer

9. prey

10. fresh water snails ( cause the green algea is the producer and the snails are the primary consumers and the small fish consumer so is the big fish)