For each of the following 6 scenarios, identify each of the following: unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, and conditioned response (see review on pages 20-21, PowerPoint, and textbook). (1/2 points per response =12 points)

An individual receives frequent injections of drugs, which are administered in a small examination room at a clinic. The drug itself causes increased heart rate but after several trips to the clinic, simply being in a small room causes an increased heart rate..

Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response:

For 3 years Mariah has played her trombone at the school's sports stadium most Friday nights for various sporting events as part of the school's pep band. One Friday night Mariah begins to walk down the school's tall stadium bleachers with her trombone and she trips and falls down several stairs bruising her leg and feelings humiliated as the people around her look at her and some students even laugh. Ever since that incident, each time Mariah walks down the bleacher stairs she looks to see who is around her and her heart rate increases as she nervously walks down the bleacher stairs.

Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response:

Before she got her driver’s license, seeing police cars and their flashing red lights did not bother Jaci. But then she started driving and has been pulled over several times for speeding. Each time she was pulled over, first she saw the flashing red lights of the police car. Then she would be questioned by the police and given a ticket, which made her feel very tense and upset. Now whenever she sees a police car with its flashing lights on she feels a little bit nervous, even if it is pulling over someone else.

Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response:

Frankie eats fried chicken that has e coli in it from her elementary school’s cafeteria and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought of eating food from the school’s cafeteria makes her nauseous.

Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response:

At a soccer game, every time the home team scores a goal, the fan behind you screams "GOAL" near your ears causing you to wince. Unfortunately for you, the home team scores frequently. As the end of the game nears, the home team scores a goal, and even though the inconsiderate fan behind you has left, you still wince.

Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response:

Casey goes outside to play in her tree house. A swarm of bees has nested near her tree house, and she gets stung when she climbs up to the tree house. This happens 3 times in a week. Casey becomes afraid to go near the tree and cries violently when her dad tried to get her to climb up to the tree house.

Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response:

Explanation:

The unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that naturally, and automatically triggers a response. For example, the smell of your favorite food may make you hungry. The smell is the unconditioned stimulus.

The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus.

In the example above, the unconditioned response is the hunger felt.

The conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

1. An individual receives frequent injections of drugs, which are administered in a small examination room at a clinic. The drug itself causes increased heart rate but after several trips to the clinic, simply being in a small room causes an increased heart rate.

UCS = Injections; UCR = increased Heart Rate caused by drug CS = Small Room similar to the room at the clinic; CR = Increased heart rate.

2. For 3 years Mariah has played her trombone at the school's sports stadium most Friday nights for various sporting events as part of the school's pep band. One Friday night Mariah begins to walk down the school's tall stadium bleachers with her trombone and she trips and falls down several stairs bruising her leg and feelings humiliated as the people around her look at her and some students even laugh. Ever since that incident, each time Mariah walks down the bleacher stairs she looks to see who is around her and her heart rate increases as she nervously walks down the bleacher stairs.

UCS = Being laughed at; UCR = Feeling humiliated; CS = Walking down the bleacher; CR = Heart rate increase and nervousness

3. Before she got her driver’s license, seeing police cars and their flashing red lights did not bother Jaci. But then she started driving and has been pulled over several times for speeding. Each time she was pulled over, first she saw the flashing red lights of the police car. Then she would be questioned by the police and given a ticket, which made her feel very tense and upset. Now whenever she sees a police car with its flashing lights on she feels a little bit nervous, even if it is pulling over someone else.

UCS = Given a Ticket; UCR = Tense and Upset; CS = Seeing any Police Car; CR = Nervousness

4. Frankie eats fried chicken that has e coli in it from her elementary school’s cafeteria and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought of eating food from the school’s cafeteria makes her nauseous.

UCS = Eating chicken with E-Coli; UCR = Vomiting; CS = Thought of eating food; CR = Nausea.

5. At a soccer game, every time the home team scores a goal, the fan behind you screams "GOAL" near your ears causing you to wince. Unfortunately for you, the home team scores frequently. As the end of the game nears, the home team scores a goal, and even though the inconsiderate fan behind you has left, you still wince.

UCS = Scream near ears; UCR = Wince; CS = Fan Shouting every time a goal is scored; CR = Wincing whenever a goal is scored

6. Casey goes outside to play in her tree house. A swarm of bees has nested near her tree house, and she gets stung when she climbs up to the tree house. This happens 3 times in a week. Casey becomes afraid to go near the tree and cries violently when her dad tried to get her to climb up to the tree house.

UCS = Getting stung; UCR = Pain (fear of getting stung); CS = Tree house; CR = Fear of Tree House.

when you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. this increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. the intercostal muscles between your ribs also enlarge the chest cavity. they contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.