In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is a. urinary retention and reflux. b. nephrotic syndrome. c. glomerulonephritis. d. respiratory disease.

Uninary retention and reflux

Explanation: pyelonephritis is an infection that affects the urinary tract. People who are at a higher risk of developing pyelonephritis are individuals whose normal flow of urine is disrupted by one cause or the other. Therefore urinary retention caused by a blockage in the passage of urine and also reflux of urine predisposes the individual to developing pyelonephritis

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'

they had the law tat factories that produces smoke cannot be built near residential buildings.

building of proper sewage system was done to ensure that the waste is carried away from the humans so that they do not get diseases from it.

also they built water systems to provide water in those areas which are drought prone.