Discuss how neural (baroreceptors) and hormonal (RAAS) mechanisms work together to maintain BP. Explain the functions of aldosterone and angiotensin II.

The homeostasis mechanism tries to keep blood pressure between 80-120 mmHg. Blood pressure can be regulated by various hormonal and neural factors.

Explanation:

Baroreceptors are located in the arch of aorta and regulates the short term blood pressure changes. The rises or drops in blood pressure causes the increases or decreased pressure/stretch on baroreceptors. when pressure is high on baroreceptors parasympathetic response causes the decrease heart rate and when pressure is low sympathetic response causes increased heart rate to increase blood output.

If a person blood remains high baroreceptors can't control it because they reset themselves and became comfortable with high blood pressure.

If we talk about hormonal mechanism renin is the enzyme secreted in response to decreased blood flow to kidney or sympathetic stimulation. Renin causes the conversion of  angiotensin I into angiotensin II with the help of angiotensin converting enzyme. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and it facilitate the reabsorption of sodium ions in kidney.

Angiotensin II also promotes the release of aldosterone which increases the retention of water and salts.

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