PLEASE HELP

1. With the help of Fig 1.1, explain why the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded.

2. Suggest one organic substance, which would accumulate in a human cell subjected to oligomycin treatment.

Inner mitochondrial membrane hosts several enzymes required for electron transport chain. To increase the amount of energy production per mitochondria, the inner Mitochondrial membrane is folded.

Mitochondria is one of the membrane bound organelles of the eukaryotic cells. It has a bilayered membrane that has the inner membrane which is selectively permeable and the outer mitochondrial membrane which is mostly permeable.

The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded to form the cristae. They hosts the maximum amount of enzymes in form of 4 complexes which are required for the electron transport chain. So to host maximum amount of enzyme in the membrane and to maximise the production of ATP the inner Mitochondrial membrane is folded.

Oligomycin is a type of antibiotic that binds with the F0F1 channel blocking the flow of proton thereby blocking formation of ATP. In presence of Oligomycin, the channel is blocked, leading to the increase in the proton concentration in the innermembrane place. As the maximum concentration is reached, the NADHs aren't accepted by the enzyme for oxidation and proton donation. So they accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix.

1. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded because it provides surface area for redox reaction in electron transport chain.

2. Lactate will accumulate in human cell due to anaerobic respiration as oligomycin inhibits the ATP synthase enzyme.

Explanation:

Inner membrane of mitochondria is also called cristae.

It is a site of electron transport chain where redox reaction takes place for the production of ATP.

The cristae are folded to increase the surface area for ATP production in the aerobic respiration.

The enzyme for ATP synthesis is  ATP synthase which is present in inner membrane of mitochondria or cristae.

The cristae is made up of phospholipid bilayer in which protein for electron transport chain are also present.

NADH and FADH2 are the electron transporters travelling to inner membrane of the mitochondria.

When pumping of electrons in inner membrane takes place negative charge is formed in matrix and in intermembrane space positive charge is formed. This difference in charge creates a gradient of proton.This is driving factor in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION process.

NADH gets oxidized to NAD in complex 1 and FADH oxidizes FADH2, complex 3 do not have electron, the electrons from the complex 1 and 2 goes there thereby going to complex 4 and reducing oxygen to water.

2. Oligomycin treatment causes inhibition of ATP synthase enzyme because it blocks the proton channel in cristae. This will lead to stopping of electron transport chain. The cell will have high accumulation of lactate in blood and urine because aerobic respiration has stopped and oxygen consumption is stopped. So lactate will be produced as a result of anaerobic respiration.

correct answer: biotic and abiotic limitations

carrying capacity is defined as the total number of an organism who can be supported in a given area within the natural resources limit and without harming or degrading the natural, economic or the cultural environment present for the future generations.

carrying capacity is determined by the limiting factors, which are known to affect the natural resources available. it may include water, nutrients, minerals, space, light etc.

explanation:

hope this ! have a wonderful day!

the correct answer is - d. china has a large and growing population.

the fact that china has a large (the biggest) population, and it is still growing, doesn't hinder the agriculture production in the country. in fact, it can for increased production in the agriculture, since there's more labor force, as well the sheer mass of people produces lots of scientists that come up with new inventions as to how to improve this sector. nice example is the inner mongolia region in china, in general dominated by the gobi desert, but few scientist came up with a nice idea as to how to make the region productive by using plants that are very resistant to droughts, so lots of people have been employed, and the region is becoming greener and greener each year, and the production of food in this region is also increasing.