Due to physical constraints, maximizing one life history trait (e. g. height) often comes at the expense of another (e. g. longevity); the allocation between such desirable but incompatible traits is known as:a) life history
b) growth and development
c) trade offs
d) all of the above

the answer would be d

"do a testcross with a homozygous recessive plant."

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high

a plastic spoon that has a temperature of 78° f is placed into a bowl of soup that has a temperature of 84° f. which of these correctly describes what will happen?

energy as heat moves from the soup to the spoon.