On early earth, approximately 3.5 billion years ago: the first microbial mats (biofilm aggregations of prokaryotes) likely harvested energy through

The soviet union beat the us to the first successful launch, with the october 4, 1957, orbiting of sputnik 1, and later beat the us to have the first human in earth orbit, yuri gagarin, on april 12, 1961. the "race" peaked with the july 20, 1969, us landing of the first humans on the moon with apollo 11

He used pea plants to study the patterns of heredity.

Gravitational force i believe