At one time, scientists proposed a principle called the central dogma. This principle stated that in the body, a chemical substance called DNA contains information. This information passes from DNA to RNA, but not from RNA to DNA. Then in 1970, scientists proved that some types of RNA can transfer information to DNA. What can you conclude from this information?

a. Scientists have made many life-saving discoveries.
b. Scientists work together to advance scientific knowledge.
c. Scientists often respond to what they see as needs in society.
d. Scientists may find new information that causes them to modify their ideas.

How do all types of diffusion/passive transport actually ‘work’ without using even the smallest amount of cellular energy?

This is the interaction of two organisms where one is and the other is neither nor harmed.

Monarch butterflies have brightly colored orange wings with black patterns on them, making them easily visible to birds that eat butterflies and moths, yet birds rarely eat the monarchs. likewise, the monarch caterpillars are brightly striped yellow and white and black, and they also are rarely eaten by birds, although some wasps will attack them and feed them to their young. what can be inferred from these observations? monarchs must threaten and attack birds, but not wasps. monarchs have a way of discouraging bird predation that does not involve hiding. monarchs’ wings are so colorful that most birds must find them difficult to eat. monarchs lay more eggs than other less conspicuous butterflies.