Given that the genes are all on separate pairs of homologous chromosomes, what other method(s) could you use to determine the probability of these individuals having any offspring with the genotype AaBbccDd?

this is true, assuming that the allele is completely recessive and incomplete dominance is not a factor.

1. b.

2. d.

3. a.

5. d.

6. c.

these are the only ones that i know, i hope this , and good luck.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high