The science of classifying and naming organism based on their different characteristics is called

Taxonomy

Explanation:

Taxonomy is the science behind the classification and naming of living organisms based on their unique characteristics. According to taxonomy, living organisms are arranged from large to smaller categories, and are as follows:

Kingdom --> Phylum/Division --> Class --> Order --> Family --> Genus ---> species.

Also, organisms are named by two names. The first name is the genus while the second is the species. For instance: Homo sapiens is the scientific name for man

emerging idea only occurs as a raw idea that could appear out of nowhere. meanwhile, to reach scientific consensus , that idea must be structured and tested over and over again through various experiments. the scientific consensus transforms the raw idea into idea that is more reliable through the process of scientific elimination.