Two mothers give birth to sons at the same time at a busy urban hospital. The son of mother 1 is afflicted with hephilia, a disease caused by an X-linked recessive allele. Neither parent has the disease. Mother 2 has a normal son, despite the fact that the father has hemophilia. Several years later, couple 1 sues the hospital, claiming that these two newborns were swapped in the nursery following their birth. As a genetic counselor, you are called to testify. What information can you provide the jury concerning the allegation?

X linked traits are typically passed from the mothers to their affected son if mothers are carrier, despite the father of hemophiliac condition there is no base as X linked characters does not pass from father to son, that is the case in their son being normal. So the Mother 1 has no valid point in her claim.

As it is mentioned that neither mother 1 nor father 1 has the disease (but chances are mother can be carrier)

Mother 1: XXª     Father 1: XY

                    XªY

In couple 2, father has hemophilia, due to father gives Y not X this doesnt matter.

Mother 2: XX      Father 2: XªY

            Son 2: XY

1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation:

yes, because even though a theory has a  lot of evidence to support it, it is not always true