A radiograph of an AP projection of the ankle reveals that the lateral surface of the ankle joint is totally open. (It should not be open on a true AP projection.) The technologist is positive that the ankle was in the correct, true AP position with the long axis of the foot perpendicular to the IR. What else could have led to this joint space being open?

Define the apical impulse and describe its normal location, size, and duration. which abnormal conditions may affect the location of the apical impulse? explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. describe the effect of respiration on the heart sounds. describe the characteristics of the first heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base. describe the characteristics of the second heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base.