Researchers who have studied color blindness and color deficiency have found that a total color blindness is extremely rare in animal species. b total color blindness in humans usually occurs when cones of the retina are absent or malfunctional. c blue-yellow color blindness is the most common form of color deficiency. d color deficiency is more frequently found in women than in men.

Option-B

Explanation:

Color deficiency is a condition caused when the person is not able to distinguish the different colors. Since the person is not able to distinguish different color, therefore, the chromo-receptors which are affected are the cone cells located in the retina which allows us to see different wavelengths.

1. Total color blindness is not a rare disease in animals.

2. Total color blindness in which a person is not able to see any color occurs when all types of cone cells become malfunction or completely absent.

3. The red-green color blindness is more common than the blue-yellow color blindness.

4. The mother is usually not affected as she is the carrier of the gene responsible for the color blindness.

Since all options except Option-2 are incorrect therefore option-2 is the correct answer.

are there any answer choices

explanation:

b,bacteria convert nitrates

into nitrogen gas.

d,plants and animals take in

and use nitrogen compounds.

e,bacteria break down waste    

products and return nitrogen  

to the soil.

a,bacteria convert atmospheric

nitrogen to ammonia.

c,bacteria convert ammonia

to nitrites and nitrates.