Paraquat acts by accepting electrons that would otherwise reduce ferredoxin, and it can accept them from NADPH. The reduced form of paraquat then reacts with oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (in this case, O2–), which damage chloroplast lipids and cause plant death. Which of the following can you infer from this information?

- Paraquat uncouples proton transfer and ATP synthesis

- Paraquat prevents the reduction of plastoquinone (Q)

- Paraquat interrupts photosystem I function

- Paraquat can interfere with the formation or availability of NADPH

- Paraquat inhibits ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase