What concept, inspired by the work of Charles Darwin, proposes that the diversity of human cultures represent different stages of development, from simple to complex?

In fruit flies, gray bodies (g) are dominant over black bodies (g), and brown pigments (n) are dominant over yellow pigments (n). each individual possesses two alleles for each trait. if a fly that is homozygous dominant for both traits is crossed with a fly that is homozygous recessive for both traits, what is the predicted genotype of the offspring.

What would happen to the nutrients in an ecosystem if decomposers, such as bacteria, didn’t exist there?

How can scientists test their ideas about the origin of the universe if they can't physically interact with or study?