Suppose a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification process begins with exactly one double-stranded template DNA. How many DNA molecules are present after 30 cycles of PCR? Assume no substrates are limiting and DNA polymerase is maximally active throughout the PCR process. number of DNA molecules: Suppose DNA polymerase introduces a single point mutation during cycle 11. How many mutant DNA molecules are present at the end of 30 cycles of PCR?

1. Number of DNA molecules after 30 Cycles of PCR = 1.02 x 10^9

2. No. of mutant DNA molecules = 1.07 x 10^9

Explanation:

1. You just have to take the exponential of 2 to the power of the number of PCR cycles (2^n)

2. All copies were normal at cycle 10 that are about 1024 copies. At cycle 11 single point error, all further copies are mutated.

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

the main thing i would use is bricks because if there is a hurricane, there is a great possibility for the house to still stand. and i would also use plexiglass windows instead of regular windows because plexiglass isn't prone to breaking.