Define the terms transcriptome and proteome. Will the (a) genome, (b) transcriptome, and (c) proteome of a mouse heart differ from its pancreas? Will the (a) genome, (b) transcriptome, and (c) proteome of the pancreas of identical twin mice differ if one developed cancer and the other did not? Explain your answers.

The entire sum of the RNA molecules expressed from the genes of tissues, cells or from the entire organism is termed as the transcriptome. The sum of the entire proteins produced by the genome of a cell, tissue or an organism is termed as the proteome.  

The genome of the mouse's heart and pancreas is identical, however, there can be a difference in the expression of RNAs in the cells of the heart from the pancreas, due to the expression of distinct proteins in them. Thus, one can conclude that the transcriptome and proteome of the mouse heart and pancreas are different.  

The identical twins possess similar genome, proteome, and transcriptome as they are genetically identical. However, if there is cancer in one of them, it may result in the change at the level of the gene causing a difference in the expression of RNAs and thus causing a change in the synthesis of proteins. Thus, it can be concluded that in an identical twin mouse the genome, proteome, and transcriptome would become different if the development of cancer takes place in the pancreas.