In Jabberwocks, flame eyes (F) are dominant to blue eyes (f) and burbling (B) is dominant to whistling (b). Jabberwock geneticists suspect that the two genes are linked on one of the autosomes. They mate a true-breeding flame-eyed, burbling female with a true-breeding blue-eyed, whistling male. They then mate a pair of the offspring.

1. If the genes are linked, which of the following F2 genotypes will be more rare than would be expected if the genes were not linked?
2. What ratio of genotypes would you expect if the genes were not linked? (Remember you are crossing FfBb x FB

"d.) carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide"

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

in 1859, charles darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. he defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".