A southern blot is a technique that relies on hybridization of

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A nucleic acid probe to a complementary DNA.

Explanation:

Southern blotting is a technique is used to detect the specific DNA fragment in the DNA sample. The DNA fragments are separated during the electrophoresis.

The process of electrophoresis separates the DNA fragments on the gel which is then kept over a sponge dipped in the buffer solution. Over the gel, the nitrocellulose sheet is placed over which the weight or pressure is applied. The buffer solution denatures the dsDNA and the ss DNA binds the nitrocellulose sheet. Now the sheet is hybridized with radiolabeled DNA probes specific to the target DNA. The probe binds the target DNA by complementary pairing rule which is the crucial step of the experiment.

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