Presentation of a rewarding stimulus serves as , whereas removal of an aversive stimulus serves as

positive reinforcement: negative reinforcement

Explanation:

Presentation of a rewarding stimulus serves as positive reinforcement, whereas removal of an aversive stimulus serves as negative reinforcement.

Positive reinforcement involves rewarding a subject when they perform a desirable act. In other words, the act is associated with the reward.

An example is, giving a child sweet for washing the dishes or behaving organized.

Negative reinforcement occurs when a negative situation is removed  as a result of a behavior; this further strengthens that behavior in the future as a result of the favorable outcome.

An example is a child crying because he doesn't like a food, the crying can lead his parents to withdraw the food. The act of crying by the child can be used subsequently

b. to discover aspects of the natural world.

hopefully i .

1. the geologists have established a set of principals that can can be used o determine the relative ages of rock. this principal is applied to sedimentary and volcanic rocks. the rocks exposed to wall of grand canyon has layers and by studying the number of horizontal layers in the rock(strata) the relative age can be determined. the layer first formed will appear at the bottom and the the layer of strata last formed appear at the top. by using this information the approximate age of rocks can be determined.

2. carbon dating is used to find the relative age of rock in numbers which means for the rocks that has age between 1-70,000 years.

3. for the rocks of age range between 1,000 - billion of years potassium-argon dating is used.