Organisms acquire DNA a. only from their parent cell via vertical transmission. b. via horizontal transmission, but only from cells of the same species, and also from vertical transmission. c. via horizontal transmission, but only from cells of the same domain, and also from vertical transmission. d. via horizontal transmission from cells of any domain, and also from vertical transmission.

C) via horizontal transmission, but only from cells of the same domain, and also from vertical transmission

Explanation:

The genetic material can be transferred in the organisms via two ways: the vertical transmission or horizontal transmission.

The vertical transmission occurs when the genetic material is transferred from the parents to the offsprings but the horizontal transmission occurs when the genetic material is transferred from the donor to the recipient which could be related to the donor or unrelated.

The horizontal transfer can occur between the unrelated species across the domain. The horizontal transfer is common in prokaryotic organisms.

Thus, Option-C is the correct answer.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.