Select any answers that are correct

a. two species have a common ancestor. they both share the ancestral gene a. in species 1 the gene is a1, in species 2 the gene is a2. gene a1 produces a slightly
"better" product that gene a2 due to a minor change from the ancestral version. since we now have two species with genes that are different due to speciation, we would call gene a1 and a2 orthologs.
b. in transformation, naked dna is taken into a cell from its environment
c. in transduction, dna is transferred between cells by a virus (phage)
d. in conjugation, direct contact and exchange of dna occur.
e. gene a duplicates in a species to form a1 and a2. a1 and a2 are paralogs

the principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and development of a conclusion that confirms, rejects, or modifies the hypothesis.

answer: the correct option is d. enzyme

lactase and carbonic anhydrase are the examples of enzymes.

lactase is an enzyme, which is present in the small intestine of mammals. it in the digestion of the disaccharide, lactose ( milk sugar) by converting it into two monosachharide, which are glucose and galactose.

carbonic anhydrase is present in the red blood cells. this enzyme plays significant role in the transport of co₂. it in the conversion of co₂ and h₂o into carbonic acid, which is then dissociated into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.