What opportunities did urban neighborhoods provide to immigrants and african americans, and what problems did these newcomers face?

Immigrants may be defined as the individuals that comes from some other country but are the permanent resident of some other country. The individual might move for the jobs and education.

The immigrants might flock to the urban neighborhood and can settle on the basis of the their ethnicity. These neighborhood provide jobs to the immigrants and they had poor working conditions. The immigrants were underpaid. The mutual aid societies are formed in which immigrants pay dues and and the society pay for their elevation. The Americans and immigrants suffers from the pollution, crime and overpopulation.  

in addition to being able to metabolize, grow, digest food, and excrete wastes, what other functions must an organism perform if it is to survive? survival also depends on the ability to maintain one's boundaries, to move, to respond to stimuli, and to reproduce. oxygen is a survival need.