Which of the following statements is/are not true about bacterial transformation?

a)cells most often can only be transformed when in the competent state.

b)transformation may only be performed using plasmid dna containing antibiotic-resistance genes (r factors).

c)transformed cells are capable of passing their newly acquired traits onto succeeding generations.

d) e. coli is not naturally competent it must first be treated artificially in the laboratory before they are capable of undergoing transformation.

e)the "+" and "-" means that the bacteria was ampicillin resistant and ampicillin non resistant respectively.

f)bacteria are selective in what dna they find and incorporate from their environment by transformation.