In exercising muscle, glycogen degradation supplies the muscle with glucose‑6‑phosphate. in order to stimulate muscle glycogen degradation, protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) must be inhibited. four of the five events are involved in the inactivation of pp1 in exercising muscle. which event is not involved?

a. epinephrine initiates a signal transduction cascade that utilizes protein kinase a.

b. phosphorylated pp1 inhibitor binds to pp1, facilitating glycogen degradation by phosphorylase a.

c. protein kinase a phosphorylates gm in the gm-pp1 complex, resulting in its dissociation.

d. insulin initiates a protein kinase cascade that utilizes glycogen synthase kinase.

e. protein kinase a phosphorylates an inhibitor of pp1.

You have a solution that contains phospholipid vesicles in a test tube. these vesicles have phospholipid bilayers, but do not contain any membrane transporters. you add a number of different molecules to the solution, and wait a period of time for them to equilibrate. if you could measure the concentration of each molecule, for which of the following would you expect to measure equal concentrations inside and outside of the vesicles? assume for this question that the overall osmolarity inside and outside the vesicles is the same (that is, there is no appreciable diffusion of water across the membrane). (select two answers) an amino acid with a hydrophobic side-chain a small non-polar molecule a negatively charged ion a small polar molecule a small lipid hormone

Explain how ancient whale fossils found in eqypt are believed to support the theory of evolution.

What is the difference between sex-linked traits and autosomal traits in humans? a. sex-linked traits can only be passed from fathers to sons, while autosomal traits can be passed on from both parents to offspring of any sex. b. sex-linked traits are passed on through the x and y chromosomes, while autosomal traits are passed on through the other 22 chromosomes. c. sex-linked traits only affect females, while autosomal traits affect both males and females. d. sex-linked traits refer to genes that are on the x and y chromosomes, while autosomal traits refer to genes on all 23 chromosomes.