This is information collected by observation or
experimentation. it is recorded and analyzed by
scientists.

Data

Explanation:

The scientific method of research provides a basic method for performing researches. this method starts with a scientific question. To answer this question, a hypothesis is made. A hypothesis is a tentative statement that can be proved right or wrong. For testing a hypothesis, observations and experiments are done. The information which is collected from observation and experimentation is known as data. Based on this data, results are analyzed and conclusions are drawn.

genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).

b. lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere   is the answer most likely