Eating plan d (1 day’s intake) 1 cup of corn flakes cereal ¾ cup 1% fat milk 6 ounces orange juice 12 ounces coffee 1 honey nut granola bar 6 ounces chocolate milk 2 slices rye bread 2 ounces pastrami 2 tbsp. hot mustard 1 ounce swiss cheese 1 cup 2% fat milk 1 large apple 8 ritz crackers 2 tbsp. peanut butter 12 ounces diet coke 1 cup angel hair pasta ¾ cup marinara sauce 1 cup lettuce & 1 sliced tomato 1/3 cup shredded cheddar cheese 5 cucumber slices ¼ cup italian dressing 1/6 of a devil’s food cake 6 ounces red wine eating plan g (1 day’s intake) 1 cup honey dew melon 1 cup fresh strawberries 1 large apple ½ avocado ½ cup sweet green peppers ½ cup sweet red peppers ¼ cup black olives 1 medium orange 1 medium banana 1 cup boiled green beans 10 cooked asparagus spears 1 cup sautéed mushrooms 1 cup kidney beans ¼ cup dried apricots ¼ cup dried craisins 5 dried, pitted dates

the wires in the toaster turning red and the toast crisping and turning brown

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.